Industrial relations include following concept. If a country wants to develop and compete successfully in the national and international market, then technology becomes inevitable. Technology is an instrument of change and development. Technological change is a continuous process which covers a series of developments, mechanization, growth of mass production, and the emergence of automation in that order. Technological change affects the Industrial Relation. IR impact with information and communication technologies, their traditional framework is deeply changing.
The term is synonymous with technological development, technological achievement, and technological progress. In essence TC is the invention of a technology or a process , the continuous process of improving a technology in which it often becomes cheaper and its diffusion throughout industry or society.
In short, technological change is based on both better and more technology. It is a vehicle. Technological changes affect various aspects of economic and social either directly or indirectly. Haber, Ferman and Hudson have identified certain changes which affect jobs and influence skills in the American industrial system which can be called technological changes.
They are; 1. Scientific management of time and motion studies, 2. Changes in the location of plants, 3. Shifts in product demand changes in machinery, 4. Rationalization and automation which are different forms of technological change have been systematically introduced in the Indian industrial system in the sixties.
Rationalization implies a basic change in the structure and control of industrial activities. In its application it brings together the advantages planed production, pooling, of research, scientific and technical know-how, centralized regulation of finances modernization of productive processes and sales and optimum use of manpower. Thus, rationalization does not refer to any one process. The Advisory Committee on the Management 'of ILO defines it as any reform tending to replace habitual antiquated practices by means of methods used by systematic reasoning.
The proposed model provides a useful tool for managers in measuring the relationship between staffing level and performance of workers in a group, the probability of a group in carrying out work, the availability of workers, and the group utilization. The model can be used in setting up the workforce size of a newly formed group when the arrival rate of work, the processing rate of workers, and the average time of being on leave by workers are estimated.
The main purpose of manpower planning is to ensure that organization has the right number of people, at the right place, at the right time doing things for which they are economically most useful. Also, this is in line with Dharamvirsinh, et al. It is imperative to know that without effective manpower planning, it would be difficult to know the number of personnel required for recruitment, transfer or retraining for better performance.
The need for effective manpower planning cannot be over-emphasized as it helps to identify shortage and surpluses of personnel and thereby help to take quick action wherever required as well as optimally utilized the available human resources to increase the growth of the organization.
Finally, this paper identifies and proffers workable solutions to some challenges inhibiting effective manpower planning in organizations. Problems of Manpower Planning. Serbian Journal of Management, 6 2 Adiele, E. Ebong and J. Ezekiel-Hart Eds. Contemporary Issues in Education. Port Harcourt: Eagle Lithograph. Agabi, C. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 3 3 , Anyanwu, J. The Structure of the Nigerian economy Management Theory and Practice 3rd Edition. Cole G.
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Public Personnel Management, 33 4 , Hitt, M. Management International Review, 28 2 Ibojo, B. Pakistan Journal of Business and Economic Review, 3 1 , Igbinomwanhia, O. Written in English. The inexorable march of time and the ceaseless glamour for social change combine to make adaptability and continuing preparation of the workforce as inevitable as the initial acquisition of knowledge and : Melisa Santos. Some of the theory underlying Manpower and.
In manpower development, training is therefore an indispensable element and at the same time, a vehicle for development and planning. Journal of Management Studies — Wiley. Continue with Facebook. Sign up with Google. Log in with Microsoft. Bookmark this article.
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